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Substitution Reaction Definition

A substitution reaction is a type of chemical reaction where an atom or functional group of a molecule is replaced by another atom or functional group. A substitution reaction is also called a single displacement reaction, single replacement reaction, or single substitution reaction. Examples: CH3Cl reacted with a hydroxy ion (OH-) will produce CH3OH and chlorine. This substitution reaction replaces the chlorine atom on the original molecule with the hydroxy ion. Sources Imyanitov, Naum S. (1993). Is This Reaction a Substitution, Oxidation-Reduction, or Transfer?. J. Chem. Educ. 70 (1): 14–16. doi:10.1021/ed070p14March, Jerry (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-85472-7.

Women’s Oppression in Hurston’s “Sweat” The Stereotype of...

Women’s Oppression in Hurston’s â€Å"Sweat†: The Stereotype of Women’s Role in Society In Zora Neale Hurston’s 1926 short story â€Å"Sweat,† Delia Jones a washwoman and house owner is portrayed as an abused wife. Even though she has a job and owns the home she occupies, it does not change the fact that her husband still holds power over her. Women are stereotyped by society as housewives, which make them feel repressed of freedom. Women are repressed by society’s views and are limited in freedom, thus women such as Delia are unable to get what they desire. In Delia’s case she is a women with a job, but even with work she is still powerless to Sykes, her husband. As a woman her freedom is still robbed from her by men’s overpowering force, which†¦show more content†¦In comparison to the short story â€Å"Sweat,† Delia’s job is making her husband Sykes appear inferior to her because she is working when he is not. One critic, Cheryl A. Wall states, â€Å"Delia’s work is a economic necessity to her husband, but it is also a psychological threat to Sykes as well. In the story Sykes seems to never work at all, so he asserts his manhood mainly by intimidating and betraying his wife† (qtd. in Akins). Wall argues that occurrences such as abuse and restrictions by men are the result of intimidation because a woman is able to gain power within the relationship by working. The kicking of the laundry symbolizes Sykes discontent with Delia’s work and the threat he feels because he is no longer the breadwinner. Her actions, like talking back; solidifies the threat he feels and only intensifies his brutality towards her. In addition women are viewed by society as non-dominant because of the stereotype that dominance belongs to men in society. As Kary J. Winter argues, â€Å"Oppression of women†¦can be understood fully when the ideology of male domination is examined in conjunction with the ideology of slavery† (qtd. in Green). Women are not only stereotyped because of their gender, in Delia’s case, she is also oppressed because of her race. Winter tells that male dominance is not the only result of oppression, but race is also a contributor to the oppression of women in Delia’s time. In Delia’s case, black people were oppressed by theShow MoreRelatedFeminist Writers Like Kate Millet Essay2267 Words   |  10 Pageson the other hand grasp that women as a group somehow fit into a political analysis of society. Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all and economical contexts by challenging existing social norms and institution. Radical feminism has been extremely important in developing and analyzing woman’s oppression. The concept of patriarchy which has been developed within feminist writing has a whole

A Mixed Methods Portrait Of Urban Instrumental Music

RESEARCH EVALUATION FORM NAME: DATE: 1. Full citation in APA style: Fitzpatrick, K. R. (2011). A mixed methods portrait of urban instrumental music teaching. Journal of Research in Music Education, 59(3), 229-256. 2. Purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to understand how instrumental music educators negotiate the urban environment in which they teach. 3. Research question(s) posed: 1) What background information do urban instrumental music educators have about the students they instruct and the districts where they teach? 2) What particular abilities do instrumental music educators depend upon to have success in the urban classroom? 3) What thoughts and opinions do educators have concerning teaching instrumental music in†¦show more content†¦6. What data were collected? (If historical, list the primary and secondary sources. If philosophical, list the premises) The researcher used three phases to collect data for this study. Phase 1 of the study was a small focus group of instrumental music educators from the Chicago Public Schools. The focus group served to guide the creation of the survey questionnaire. Phase 2 of the study was the survey, which included questions similar to research questions #1-4. 59% of the surveys that were sent out were successfully returned. Phase 3 of the study, interviews and observations, took place concurrently with Phase 2. Four instrumental music educators from the CPS received a pre-interview, a one-day observation, and a follow-up interview. During the observation, extensive field notes and ensemble recordings were obtained. 7. Primary methodology: Highlight the type Historical: Which category? (it could be more than one) Chronological, Comparative, Oral, Psychohistory, Quantitative, Other (please list) Philosophical: Did the argument advance deductively or inductively? Quantitative [non-experimental] Quantitative [experimental] Qualitative: Highlight which type: grounded theory ethnography narrative phenomenology single case study collective case study Mixed methods: Highlight which type of qualitative methodology grounded theory ethnography narrative phenomenology single

A Model For Me free essay sample

It was 11:45 at night on September 22, 2011 when I got that dreaded phone call nobody could bear hearing. Earlier that day, my grandma had called explaining to us how my grandpa had fallen outside of their home in North Providence. My dad had rushed to the hospital to check up on him but we all assumed he just had a couple scratches and would be okay. I remember hesitating to pick up the call, anticipating the words I would soon hear from my father. The phone seemed like it was echoing throughout my entire house and I could feel my heart begin to race. As I heard it ring a third time, I slowly picked up and raised the phone to my ear. I could hear my dad on the other end of the line, his voice was low and I could tell he was choked up. Making my voice sound as optimistic as possible, I exclaimed, â€Å"Hey dad, how are you?† attempting to lift the mood a little. We will write a custom essay sample on A Model For Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next few words that came out of my dad’s mouth would be something I will never forget. Instantly I knew, that my grandpa had passed. Time felt that it had come to a complete stop. Nothing else mattered to me except to be strong for my dad. Fighting back my tears, I assured him that everything would be okay and it was his time to go. At that time I reflected back at the life my grandfather had led. He was born in the region of Campania, Italy being one of 11 siblings. At the age of 17, he fought in World War II for Italy, being discharged in South America. He was captured by the Russians and was shot in the leg while fleeing them. He never graduated high school or went to college. After the war he traveled to America in search for a better life. He eventually settled with my grandmother in North Providence, RI and had two children. He worked in a wire factory for most of his life, making less than minimum wage as an immigrant. He suffered through two strokes while my dad was a kid and survived both. For the first time, my eyes were really opened to the incredible life my grandfather, Giuseppe, had created for himself. Seeing what he accomplished from where he came from, makes me want to work that much harder to achieve my dreams in college. I’ll always admire his perpetual desire for something more in life and his devote dedication to his family. He always valued everything he had because he knew just how difficult it was to earn it. What he overcame and endured, is truly inspiring and I will forever live by what he has taught me. â€Å"Nothing in this world is handed to you. You have to go out and get it. Nobody said it would be easy but hard work always pays off.†

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH HYPTHESIS Essay Example For Students

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH HYPTHESIS Essay BusinessPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH HYPTHESISIn this assignment, we will attempt to study the effects that differencein Income Ratio (henceforth known as I.R.) between the years 1980 and 1990have on the Productivity Growth (P.G.) during the same period of time. The Income Ratio of one specific year can be found if we take the averageincome of the richest faction of a country (the richest 20% of thepopulation) and divide it by that of the poorest faction (the poorest 20%). In this assignment, the Income Ratios that were used were those of 13different countries. The I.R.s on both 1980 and 1990 were taken for allthese countries and, to find the difference between them, the I.R. for 1990was divided by the I.R. for 1980, for each country. These new numbersillustrate the change of I.R. between the two years so that we can comparehow the P.G. changes in relation to the changes in the I.R.. On this assignment, we use inductive reasoning to examine the data andfind a theory (a hypothesis) that would combine the data given in a waythat would make sense, based solely on our data. How do we know if thetheory that we formulate makes sense? In this case we will plot thepoints (derived from the column I.R. 1990/1980, going on the x-axis, andthe column Productivity Growth 79-90, on the y-axis). According to howthe points are on the graph in relation to the Average Point (0.94,1.45)(point that is an average of all values and which divides the graph intofour Quadrants), if 80% of these points are where they would be expected tobe to conform to the hypothesis, then there is no reason to reject thishypothesis. If, on the other hand, the majority of the points does notconform to our hypothesis (are not where they were predicted to be), thenit is rejected. Another method of reasoning frequently used by Mainstream economists isdeductive knowledge, as opposed to inductive, described ab ove. Theirtheory is formulated and only then it is applied to the data. Their theoryon this subject suggests that productivity within a country grows when thepopulation has incentives to work harder (or to work more). When the gapbetween rich and poor increases (an increase in I.R. form 1980-90,resulting in a larger ratio on the column I.R. 1990/1980), so does thepopulations eagerness to work, therefore increasing the ProductivityGrowth. Since when one variable goes up the other also goes up, there is apositive (or direct) correlation between the two. Mainstream economists usedeductive reasoning to deduce that there exists a positive correlationbetween the two factors. In short, their hypothesis is that when the IncomeRatio increases, the Productivity Growth also increases, since people aremore motivated. For this to be true, we would expect a line going up and tothe right on the graph, passing by Quadrants II and IV. Most points (80% ormore) would have to be on these two Quadrants. This, however, is not thecase (see graph), since only about 30.77% of the points plotted satisfythese conditions. Since the original hypothesis was rejected, we might want to see if thereis a negative correlation between the two variables (that is, as one goesup, the other goes down). Our new hypothesis would then be as the IncomeRatio increases, the Productivity Growth decreases. Then, in the case of ahigh I.R., people in lower classes would rationally start to feel insecureand that their work is not being recognized by society, therefore losingmotivation and producing less. In this case, since theres a negativecorrelation, one would expect the line on the graph to go downwards, fromleft to right, passing on Quadrants I and III. If this hypothesis werevalid, 80%+ of the points would have to be on these Quadrants. This is alsonot the case, for only 69.32% of the points are on the appropriateQuadrants. Like the first, this second hypothesis also has to be rejected. .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 , .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .postImageUrl , .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 , .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74:hover , .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74:visited , .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74:active { border:0!important; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74:active , .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74 .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c9cc9634aa321e60c8ddf915b29cf74:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Knowledge Manegment Systems EssayAfter analyzing these two relationships and seeing that neither is valid,we conclude that there is no direct relationship between the two variablestested. That does not mean that one has no effect on the other (it probablydoes), only that there may be other factors and influences involved thathave not been accounted for in this assignment and that one is not the onlyfactor responsible for the changes in the other. DATA SHEETCountryIncome Ratio1980ProductivityGrowth1979-90Income Ratio1990Income Ratio1990 / 1980 United States9.00.411.01.2Australia 9.60.89.61.0New Zealand8.81.48.81.0Switzerland8.71.08.00.91Canada 7.01.17.01.0Britain 6.82.07.01.03France 6.52.46.00.92Italy6.12.05.80.95Germany 5.81.65.00.87Holland 5.61.55.00.89Belgium 4.72.23.80.81Sweden 4.71.53.80.81Japan4.21.03.60.85Average Income Ratio 1990 / 1980: 0.941Average Productivity Growth 1979-90: 1.45No. of points conforming to first hypothesis: 4/13 = 30.77%No. of points conforming to second hypothesis: 9/13 = 69.23%By: Leonardo Santos

Sample Leadership Essay Questions - How to Find Them

Sample Leadership Essay Questions - How to Find ThemIf you are looking for sample leadership essay questions, then there are plenty of ways in which you can get them. Many employers will have them, as well as recruiters and anyone else who is looking to hire a new leader.There are several different types of these kinds of questions. The first type is the actual essay question that is posed to the candidate. In many cases, candidates are required to answer some sort of question regarding their potential.In other cases, the question will be a little more complicated, such as asking the candidate to research certain trends and figure out why they may be occurring. Still, these samples may come in the form of questions about the organization and past records.There are also questions that are written by the employer or the recruiters themselves, and they are meant to give an overview of what kind of person the individual is, as well as get a feel for what kind of person the employee will become in the future. These questions are intended to show a good example of someone who will perform well in the future. These questions are also meant to take the time to show a bit of depth on a person's personality.What type of attitude does a person normally go with? Is there something that the new leader will always be drawn to, and if so, what is it?While these are things that recruiters want to know, they are not necessarily going to be the kind of things that a person should dwell on too much. It would be more effective if the question asked was something that had to do with the person's character.A person who possesses a strong personality will have more success being recruited into a company. A person who has the personality to work as part of the team and work well with others will always have an edge over others.All of these samples of essay questions are designed to show a little of what kind of person a candidate may turn out to be. It is important to make sure that y ou keep a close eye on yourself throughout the hiring process.